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About UN Membership

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How does a country become a Member of the United Nations? Membership in the Organization, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, “is open to all peace-loving States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able to carry out these obligations”. States are admitted to membership in the United Nations by the decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. How does a new State or Government obtain recognition by the United Nations? The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold. It generally implies the readiness to assume diplomatic relations. The United Nations is neither a State nor a Government, and therefore does not possess any authority to recognize either a State or a Government. As an organization of independent States, it may admit a new State to its membership or accept the credentia...
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Part-1: 2020 US Presidential Election Prediction

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Historical View: In the last five presidential elections, Barack Obama's 2008 victory was a huge victory with the highest number of electoral college votes. George W. Bush's 2000 election victory was very competitive with a very narrow victory. Florida played an important role in each presidential election. 2016 2012 2008 2004 2000 Trump (R) Hillary (D) Obama (D) Romney (R) Obama (D) McCain (R) GWBush (R) Kerry (D) GWBush (R) AlGore (D) 304 227 332 206 365 173 286 251 271 266 Some states always vote for one particular party; it is a trend in the last five presidential elections. For example, Texas always vote for Republican candidates and California always vote for Democrats. Here is a list of states voted for Republican candidates in last five presidential elections. (Number of Electoral College votes) State Votes Alabama 9 Alaska 3 Arizona 11 Arkansas 6 Georgia 16 Idaho 4 Kansas 6 Kentucky 8 Louisiana 8 Mississippi 6 Missouri 10 Montana 3 Nebr...
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Nixon shock and the rise of America

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America (the United States of America) is a superpower in the world. It is not the nuclear bombing of Japan at the end of World War II (1945) that gave America the superpower status. The main player is the "Nixon Shock." On August 15, 1971, President Richard M Nixon announced his new economic policy, a program known colloquially as the “Nixon Shock,” the initiative marked the beginning of the end for the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates established at the end of World War II. Under the Bretton Woods system, the external values of foreign currencies were fixed in relation to the U.S. dollar, whose value was in turn expressed in gold at the congressionally-set price of $35 per ounce. By the 1960s, a surplus of U.S. dollars caused by foreign aid, military spending, and foreign investment threatened this system, as the United States did not have enough gold to cover the volume of dollars in worldwide circulation at the rate of $35 per ounce; as a result, the doll...
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Part-1: United States (US) House of Representatives Seats by State

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The first Congress (1789-91) had 65 House members, the number provided for in the Constitution until the first census could be held. Based on an estimated population for the 13 states of 3.7 million, there was one representative for every 57,169 people. :(Source: Pew Research) Presently, there are 435 house seats that spread across 50 states as a proportion of their population. The 1929 law authorizing that census also capped the size of the House at 435. In 1929, the population of the United States was 121 million. In 2017, the population is 325 million. The house seats remain the same for the last 80 years. Montana’s 1,050,493 people have just one House member; Rhode Island has slightly more people (1,059,639), but that’s enough to give it two representatives; one for every 529,820 Rhode Islanders. State Population Representatives Population/Representative Montana 1,050,493 1 1,050,493 Delaware 961,939 1 961,939 South Dakota 869,666 1 869,666 Idaho 1,716,943 2 858,...
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Part 2: U.S. History & American History

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Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in the history of the United States.  Fast Facts It took Thomas Jefferson 17 days to write the Declaration of Independence. On July 2, 1776, Congress voted to declare independence from Great Britain. On July 4, 1776, Congress voted to accept the Declaration of Independence, marking July 4 as Independence Day. U.S. Constitution The foundation of the American Government, its purpose, form, and structure, are in the Constitution of the United States. The Constitutional Convention adopted the Constitution on September 17, 1787.   The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. It guarantees greater constitutional protection for individual liberties and lists specific prohibitions on government power. There are 27 Constitutional Amendments in all. The 27th Amendment, which was originally...
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Venezuela Crisis: The Oil Rich Country in Trouble

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The proven oil reserves in Venezuela are recognized as the largest in the world, totaling 299 billion barrels whereas Saudi Arabia has 266 billion barrels in its stock. Despite being an oil-rich country, Venezuela is facing severe socioeconomic and political crisis. Crime and violence are also widespread. In 2016, 27,479 people were killed - an all-time high - according to the independent group the Venezuelan Violence Observatory. A socioeconomic and political crisis has been taking place in Venezuela since 2010 under the presidency of Hugo Chávez and has continued into the current presidency of Nicolás Maduro. The opposition accuses President Nicolas Maduro of moving towards a dictatorship, and want him to resign. But Maduro says the opposition is conspiring with foreign entities, specifically the United States, to destabilize the country. In 2016, opposition lawmakers took a majority in the legislature—the National Assembly—for the first time in nearly two decades. ...
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Part 4: U.S. History & American History

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How the Federal Government Creates and Manages Its Budget Every year, Congress begins work on a federal budget for the next fiscal year. The federal government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 of one calendar year through September 30 of the next. The work actually begins in the executive branch the year before the budget is to go into effect. Federal agencies create budget requests and submit them to the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB). OMB refers to the agency requests as it develops the president’s budget proposal. The president submits his budget proposal to Congress early the next year. Then Congress, which the Constitution puts in charge of spending and borrowing, starts its work. Annual Funding Areas The annual budget covers three spending areas: Federal agency funding, called discretionary spending—the area Congress sets annually. Discretionary spending typically accounts for around a third of all funding. Interest on the debt,...
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Part 4: The Constitution of the United States

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The Constitution: Amendments 11-27 Constitutional Amendments 1-10 make up what is known as The Bill of Rights. Amendments 11-27 are listed below. AMENDMENT XI Passed by Congress March 4, 1794. Ratified February 7, 1795. Note: Article III, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 11. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. AMENDMENT XII Passed by Congress December 9, 1803. Ratified June 15, 1804. Note: A portion of Article II, section 1 of the Constitution was superseded by the 12th amendment. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct...
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Part-2: United States (US) House of Representatives Seats by State

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The United State House of Representatives has one voting member for every 744,903 or so Americans. If the House were to grow as the ratio would fall only to one representative per 458,428 people. In order to reduce the ratio to where it was after the 1930 census, the House would need to have 1,156 members. State Population Representatives Population/Representative California 39,536,653 53 745,975 Texas 28,304,596 36 786,239 Florida 20,984,400 27 777,200 New York 19,849,399 27 735,163 Pennsylvania 12,805,537 18 711,419 Illinois 12,802,023 18 711,224 Ohio 11,658,609 16 728,663 Georgia 10,429,379 14 744,956 North Carolina 10,273,419 13 790,263 Michigan 9,962,311 14 711,594 New Jersey 9,005,644 12 750,470 Virginia 8,470,020 11 770,002 Washington 7,405,743 10 740,574 Arizona 7,016,270 9 779,586 Massachusetts 6,859,819 9 762,202 Tennessee 6,715,984 9 746,220 Indiana 6,666,818 9 740,758 Missouri 6,113,532 8 764,192 Maryland 6,052,177 8 756,522 Wisconsin 5,795,483 8 ...
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2018 North Korea United States Summit

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U.S. President Donald Trump met with North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un on June 12, 2018, in Singapore, in the first summit meeting between the leaders of the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). They signed a joint statement, agreeing to security guarantees for North Korea, new peaceful relations, reaffirmation of the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, recovery of soldiers' remains, and follow-up negotiations between high-level officials. Singapore considered a politically benign territory by both sides, made thorough preparations to host the summit, which took place at the Capella Hotel on Sentosa Island. According to Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the summit had cost the Singaporean government S$16.3 million (US$12 million), half of which was spent on security measures. Each leader also met with Prime Minister Lee prior to their summit meeting. On March 5, 2018, South Korea's special delegation agreed to...
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